Brazil :: essays research papers fc

The similarities between the societies found in Brazil and those found in the Andean Highlands are relatively few. The Andean Highland dwellers were mostly Incas, found in greatest numbers in Peru. The inhabitants of Brazil were mainly concentrated around the Amazon River Basin area. The Andean Highland people consisted in large part of the Inca civilization (the name of the ruling family, not an ethnicity). However, the geographic location of these societies is not the only disparity that exist between these groups of people. Perhaps the most striking of the differences is the characteristics of these societies and the advancements, or lack of, that where achieved in each. With each group having distinct characteristics in the way of life, government, and labor, this affected the colonizing groups in significantly different ways and ultimately lead to the prosperity or decline of the colony at that specific time. The forms of rule in the Amazon Basin and the Andean Highlands were of great contrast. At the time of European discovery of the New World, there existed very little political hierarchy in the areas of the Amazon River Basin. At most, and this was fairly uncommon, there was a local tribal chief. However, the government did not extend any further. There was no network of higher ruling. This may have stemmed from the fact that villages were scattered around the Amazon, divided by dense forest. The tribal chiefs would make some village decisions and be a liaison with other local villages. Still, territorial war was a major aspect of the Amazon Basin dwellers' lives. This is in sharp contrast to the political system that existed in the Inca civilization. The Inca had a profoundly intricate political system that was based on rule that was inherited through blood lines. There were local, regional, and empire ruling leaders. These statesmen demanded tribute from the lower classes and also force labor upon them, but they did provide services for the good of the people and the empire. The leaderships had relatively few physical duties other than overseeing the domain that he ruled. Territorial war was also a characteristic of the Inca society. This society has often been labeled either a socialist empire or a welfare state. Specifically, the people of the Amazon Basin lived in small villages around the Amazon River and relocated often (when the soil became fallow). They were a tribal society maintained itself through shifting agriculture and hunting and gathering. The staple of their diet was of the tuber variety, a kind of potato. The society had no classes that differentiated between the rich and poor because the people had very little or no private property.

John Locke Short Introduction Essay

John Locke, who is widely known as the Father of Liberalism, is a great writer, philosopher and physician of the 17th century. He was born on 29 August 1632 and died on 28 October 1704 when he was 72. He was baptized on the same day as he was born. He was a gifted man and David Hume once described him as â€Å"wrote like a water-drinking local councilor, his style ungainly, his idioms commercial, his imagination puritanical, his humor labored, his purposes wholly practical. † As he is a talented thinker and uses different perspectives to see and think on certain things, he revolutionized the Theory of Mind to the world in his masterpiece, â€Å"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding†. On the other hand, he also developed the idea of liberty among people in society. His contributions to the world are incredible as his ideas of social contract and state of nature laid the theoretical foundation of the Constitutions of the United States of America. In Locke’s life, he came from a very intelligent and faithful Baptist family that gave him a good education and took him to a good school — Christ Church, Oxford. Though he studied medicine but not philosophy or other critical thinking courses, he met prominent people (e. g. Robert Boyle, Thomas Wills) who inspired him immensely in every perspective. One eminent scholar was Thomas Sydenham, who imposed a huge impact on the idea of how man accumulates knowledge. Thanks to Sydenham, Locke wrote one of his famous works – â€Å"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding†. Thomas Sydenham gave advice to Locke in treating Shaftesbury’s liver cancer. Locke realized in the file of Shaftesbury that knowledge in a book could be different from the circumstances Locke was facing. Hence, he raised the pivotal question in his essay: â€Å"Is the foundation of knowledge based on theory or experience? † This essay stimulated several fresh ideas to philosophers in the 17th century. One of the famous philosophers who were greatly influenced by Locke was David Hume, who described John Locke as a magnificent man. After Shaftesbury survived from the liver cancer, he became Lord Chancellor and led Locke to be involved in the field of politics. In the political struggle of Shaftesbury, Locke assisted him by writing another famous work – â€Å"Two Treatises of Government†. It is believed that the ideas mentioned in the essay were influenced by Hobbes’ thinking, but Locke never referred or mentioned the name of Hobbes. Locke countered the statements raised by Hobbes in the book of Leviathan that â€Å"everyone is living in terror† and â€Å"war of every man against every man†. Locke raised a counter statement that everyone is created equally and everyone in society has rights to fight for their life, freedom and property. To accomplish it, we shall hold together and grant greater power to protect ourselves. This also explains how civilization works. The original purpose of this piece is an argument to attack Shaftesbury’s opponents (supporters of Absolute Monarchy). However, the ideas of natural rights and a new reformation of government mentioned inside the essay are recognized as the most influential ideas on the political system in the 17th century. The basis of liberty was widely used by the founding fathers of the United States of America to write the American Declaration of Independence and the Constitutions. The influences of John Locke did not just stop in the 17th century. They still last today. Every time we hear about liberty and freedom, the basis of these concepts had been defined by Locke clearly. Besides, the issue of free religion which is still discussed nowadays was also originated by Locke. The theory of religious tolerance was one of the most controversial ideas during Locke’s lifetime. In this perspective, some historians even regarded the European War as the war between religions. In some statements made by Locke, he argued human knowledge was possibly false unless there was definite proof. By the same token, he considered that religion, which did not have clear proof, was possibly false. Because of this, religious tolerance was necessary. Religious tolerance is still being debated nowadays and it has greatly changed the outlook of modern society after this idea was promulgated. Locke’s life was a legend. He was born in a Baptist family and his writings are full of elements related to Christianity. From the statement of â€Å"All men are created equally†, it clearly shows Locke’s belief in the perspective of equality. Besides, he was also greatly influenced by the idea of knowledge. He questioned the fundamental of knowledge and questioned whether knowledge is true as always. I believe he wrote such ideas because of his experience in the treatment of Shaftesbury’s cancer that led him to start questioning that the things he had learned from the medical books were not really practical. Instead, to him, they were much more proper to be described as imaginary notions. From this perspective, he was inspired to write the essay concerning human understanding. Besides, Locke also influenced the world and created waves of revolutionary ideas in many fields. The great philosophers Voltaire and Rousseau were deeply inspired by Locke’s theories. Ultimately, Locke – Father of Liberalism – was not simply a gifted person born to be the father of liberalism, but also because of circumstances, situations which he encountered in his life to make him the father of liberalism.

Why the October Revolution Failed - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1727 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/08/02 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Utopia Essay Did you like this example? Unquestionably, the October Revolution failed to produce the utopian society that was envisioned by Vladimir Lenin.   There are reasons that it failed and intellectual curiosity begs to answer the following questions.   What did the Soviets do wrong and how did their mistakes derail the revolutions expectations?   Before spending too much time delving into the reasons for its failures, it seems logical to first define what constitutes a utopian society in the context of Lenins Bolshevik Revolution.   Lenin was influenced by Karl Marxs ideology, thus he advocated a society which benefited the workers, known as the proletariats.   Ideally, he wanted to institute a Russian government where the workers/people shared ownership of the natural resources, industrial output, agricultural harvests, the military complex and the scientific discoveries and accomplishments that transpired in their nation.   In other words, the people would ultimately share and administer the re sources; therefore, they could not be exploited by an elite, upper class.  . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Why the October Revolution Failed?" essay for you Create order In volume six of Lenins Collected Works, he expressed, We want to achieve a new and better order of society: in this new and better society there must be neither rich nor poor; all will have to work. Not a handful of rich people, but all the working people must enjoy the fruits of their common labour. Machines and other improvements must serve to ease the work of all and not to enable a few to grow rich at the expense of millions and tens of millions of people. This new and better society is called socialist society. The teachings about this society are called socialism (Lenin 366).   In theory, the socialism that Lenin wrote about was going to form an egalitarian society where the whole population enjoyed fundamental fairness, but instead, the revolution produced an intolerant, Communist Party dictatorship.   Lenins desire to eliminate competing political parties, Stalins campaign to modernize the USSR and outside pressures from competing political ideologies all contributed to the revolutions failure to produce a truly, classless society.   Today, theres a well-established adage, timing is everything, and it applies the October Revolutions failure to produce a utopian society.   The October Revolution was not a spontaneous uprising.   The proletariats didnt collectively unify to overthrow an industrialist sector that was exploiting them.   Instead, Lenin made a command decision in the fall of 1917, that the timing was perfect for the Bolsheviks to make their move.   He believed it was imperative for them to seize control from the provisional government that was established after the Tsars abdication of the throne.   He goaded Leon Trotsky, who was better known among the workers, into organizing a Bolshevik attack on the provisional government on October 24-25 (November 6-7), 1917 (Cole, Symes 842).   The opposition did not quietly go away nor did the Bolsheviks extend an olive branch to them; therefore, a bloody civil war ensued that was rife with acts of violence on all sides.   In November of 1917, the B olsheviks held an election that was previously planned by the provisional government.   They didnt win the election, but they didnt relinquish control. Instead, they tightened their stranglehold on power by further terrorizing any individual or groups they deemed to be a threat.   One measure of the shattered solidarity was the rise of the Cheka and Red Terror.   The Cheka was an internal security police which grew to number 50,000 operatives during the Civil War.   Its attempts to maintain order, suppress opposition, and root out counter-revolution seems to have claimed about 50,000 victims (Faulkner 232-233).   Lenins revolutionist party eventually prevailed, but they had not won the hearts and minds of all the citizens.   They were fearful of losing power and they instituted an elite political party that controlled almost every aspect of the populations lives.   The Communist Party essentially filled the power void that was once occupied by the Tsar.   They decided who the police or army would move against and what privileges people would or wouldnt experience.   Lenin died on January 24, 1924 after suffering multiple strokes.   A true dictatorship of the proletariat (workers) never existed under his guidance.   Instead, he left behind a p olice state that protected himself, the Communist party and their authority to rule the country.   The single party system would further subjugate the population under the leadership of Lenins successor, Joseph Stalin. Once Stalin assumed leadership, he began implementing his agenda.   He recognized that the Soviet Union was considerably less productive than the worlds leading economic and industrial powers.   He badly wanted to close the gap, so he instituted a series of five year plans to help the USSR catch up. He ended Lenins hybrid socialist/capitalist NEP (New Economic Policy) that allowed people to own property, farm their land and conduct a reasonable amount of capitalist trade.   His vision was to collectivize farming and to industrialize the country.   Peasants were reluctant to give up their property and peacefully join in the collectivization effort, so the Politburo ordered the military to force them into submission.   The party was successful in breaking the kulaks (peasants who opposed collectivization); however, their success was costly.   Displacing the peasants for the sake of collective farming proved to be counterproductive, because they were not incentivized to work hard and produce adequate food for a society that mistreated them.   In 1932 the country was in chaos.   The collectivization policies of the Stalin Revolution had uprooted society, destroyed formerly prominent social groups and classes, and abolished private property and markets in favor of a new, untested, and constantly changing form of socialism.   Millions of peasants and urban proprietors were angry and confused; millions of others had been killed or had died of starvation (Getty, Naumov 573).   The October Revolution had taken place fifteen years earlier, but the utopian, classless society Lenin described was not yet close to existing in the Soviet Union.   The USSR was not a dictatorship of the proletariat, it was a dictatorship of the Communist party and whomever was leading it at the time.   Lenin built a police state to ward off counterrevolution attempts and maintain the Bolsheviks power.   Stalin used that apparatus to purge his perceived enemies by killing or imprisoning them.   He capitalized on the states power and arrested approximately 3.5 million people and forced them to perform free labor for his series of 5 year plans.   Horrible acts of terror took place during Stalins reign, but there were some positive things that occurred as well.   The industrialization effort was greatly successful and the USSR was rapidly transformed from an agrarian society into a relevant, world power.   Another stand out achievement was the populations improvement with respect to education. Fortunately, the Soviet Union industrialized, because the country would soon find itself embroiled in World War Two.   They signed a pact with Hitler early on, but ended up joining with the Allies to defeat Germany.   They successfully stalled the Nazis advance on the eastern front and forced them to retreat while the United States and other allies assaulted the German army from the western flank.   Once the Axis powers surrendered and the war was over, the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as the worlds superpowers.  Ã‚   A long, and expensive Cold War between the two countries began and continued for the next four decades.   Each side wanted to exert their influence on post war Europe and the eventually the entire globe.   In Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union used a combination of diplomatic pressure, political infiltration, and military power to create peoples republics sympathetic to Moscow (Cole, Symes 938-939).   The satellite countries formed a shield tha t protected the Soviet Unions borders from external assaults.   Maintaining a powerful sphere of influence made sense from an ideological and military perspective, but it was extremely taxing on their economy.   For decades, they participated in arms races and fought proxy wars against their western ideological enemies. Oftentimes, that meant too many resources were committed elsewhere while severe economic conditions were taking place internally.   By the 1980s, groups in the satellite countries started protesting the Soviet Union and the Communist Partys control over their lives.   The Soviets didnt use military power to suppress their protest and the Soviet USSR eventually collapsed in 1991.   That was the end of the Bolsheviks October revolution. It successfully replaced the Tsars monarchy with a world class, military power, but it never produced a classless society.   The leadership always imposed their will on the people and they enjoyed a better lifestyle than the rank and file citizens.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to author Mervyn Matthews, The Bolsheviks proclaimed aim was to create a new egalitarian society, free from the blatant injustices of capitalism, and devoid of any specifically privileged group. The Soviet people, whose fate is the concern of everyone of humanitarian views, suffered a massive deprivation of liberty in the name of this ideal.   Dreams of popular control of government were finally repressed when the Constituent Assembly was closed (Matthews 166).   The workers never self-governed, owned and administered the resources, nor did they enjoy a utopian society.   They were not exploited by big corporations or wealthy industrialist, but they were under the control of the Communist Party leadership.   Lenin, Stalin and the succeeding leaders of the Communist Party all had agendas that were dictated by their present circumstances.   Lenin knew the fledgling Bolshevik government faced many internal threats from rival political entities; therefore, he was moti vated to do what he deemed necessary to secure the viability of the revolution.   Stalin believed that the Soviet Unions long-term success was predicated on its ability to stand up to external threats; therefore, he was willing to perpetrate atrocities to make the country a relevant, world power.   The remaining leaders were entangled in a cold war with the United States and other ideological enemies, so they were not concerned with implementing the ideals of the revolution.   Instead, they were concerned about retaining power and spreading communism.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works Cited Cole, Joshua, and Carol Symes. Western Civilizations: Their History Their Culture. combined, W.W. Norton Company, 2014. Faulkner, Neil. The Revolution Besieged. A Peoples History of the Russian Revolution, Pluto Press, London, 2017, pp. 223-236. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1k85dnw.17. Matthews, Mervyn. Privilege in the Soviet Union (Routledge Revivals): A Study of Elite Life-Styles under Communism Routledge, 2012. Getty, J.Arch, and Oleg V. Naumov. The Road to Terror: Stalin and the Self-Destruction of the Bolsheviks, 1932-1939. Yale University Press, 1999. Lenin, Vladimir Ilich.To the Rural Poor, Lenin Collected Works.Progress Publishers, Moscow 1964.

Analysis Of Emanuel Leutze s Painting - 967 Words

Emanuel Leutze’s painting depicts George Washington, Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution, crossing the Delaware River with his men on Christmas night, 1776 in order to surprise attack the Hessians at Trenton. Leutze’s portrait reflects some of the ideals represented by Thomas Jefferson, as well enlightenment thinkers John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau and perfectly demonstrates the role the American Revolution played in the shift from the medieval period into the early modern period. Firstly, Leutze s portrait illustrates Washington’s leadership skills as a commander. For instance, Washington’s confidence and bravery is demonstrated in the painting through his stance and posture. He stands over his army with one foot placed on the edge of the boat and his head help up high while overlooking the turbulent seas ahead, leading his men into battle. In addition, Washington’s body language illustrates his perseveran ce and fortitude in that the harsh weather, represented in the painting via the dark clouds and thick ice, is not going to stop him or his men from achieving their goal of defeating the British and attaining their independence. The rough seas in the portrait can be seen as just another obstacle in their path that they must overcome in their journey in order to attain their goal. Washington and his men continued to fight through these difficult times, even if it meant putting their lives in danger, showing courage, endurance,

A Day For My Family - 965 Words

Lucky I will never forget the day I moved in to my own house. I guess you could say it was a really lucky day for my little family. It was that day when the world seemed to be a little less gloomy, and I felt a little less helpless. For once, things were looking up for us, us being my boyfriend Andrayus, my dog Chewy, and myself. It all started when I was simply driving from school a whole twenty minutes out of town where we were staying at his grandmother’s. His grandmother had a small trailer house with two rooms and an addition room that was not finished yet so there was no heat or electricity in that room. The house had cockroaches and the kids had lice, some things I was lucky enough to never have to deal with in my childhood. That room with no heat or electricity is where we were sleeping, and we knew we needed to find our own place before winter hit. I felt really bad having Chewy there too because his grandma did not allow dogs in the house so when it was startin g to get cold or if it was raining I would sneak Chewy in the back door. We were doing anything we could to find a place before winter, I was on craigslist every day and was also filling out applications but we could not seem to find anything on the cheaper and smaller side. One day when I left school and started on my way home, I drove past a sign with a number on it and the words â€Å"house for rent†. The first thoughts going through my mind was, it probably has too many bedrooms and is therefore tooShow MoreRelatedMy Day With My Family996 Words   |  4 Pageswhen I am home with my family. Any activity we do together is amazing. Whether it’s watching a movie together, having dinner, or having something to talk about. There is always a time of the day where we just have a good laugh about something that happened throughout the day. I know my family will always be there for me and I will do the same for them. I believe that I am blessed to have such a loving, cari ng, and compassionate family. I believe when times are tough, my family is my true comfort. EvenRead MoreMy Family Day At Home Essay909 Words   |  4 PagesMany people called Sunday as a family day, which the family has a joyful day to gather around. But for me, it happened when I was in second grade, a day that made me have mixed feelings. Having a relaxed Sunday with a delicious meal for lunch at home was really great. My brother and I were both enjoying the food that mom cooked for us. Watching TV while we were eating was our specify action as always. But sometimes, if you are too concentrated on it, you will get a bad consequence. I accidentallyRead MoreThanksgiving Day Of My Family Essay1853 Words   |  8 PagesMore Than a Side Dish Imagine a day where one wakes up early, watches a parade, and then enjoys a plentiful spread of food with loved ones. These activities describe Thanksgiving Day in my family. Along with countless other people from the United States, our Thanksgiving holiday focuses on family and food. Yet, the homemade stuffing side dish, which sits beside a turkey and cranberry sauce, is much more than bread to my family. Five generations of women have used a special recipe that now connectsRead MoreThe Day My Family And I Moved889 Words   |  4 PagesFifteenth May 2014: The day my family and I moved from Chicago to London because of my Dads promotion. I was enraged about the move though, my family were filled with outright awe. The thought of moving to London, trying new cultures and meeting new individuals tempted them to moving. School: Their accent and uniform – everything was odd. My brother then again delighted in finding another nation and way of life, so he fitted in superbly. Ever y second was hell and the hall possessed an aroma similarRead MoreMy First Day At The Family Foot Wear Supervisor1404 Words   |  6 Pagespackages, incentives and new-hire orientation. Fostered an open-door/teamwork environment. My first day at the family foot wear Supervisor was horrible and here is why the dept. was dirty the stock was not in order the merchandise was missing people didn t show up for their shift and they had no customer service skills at all. So pretty much I had to redo the department I had to address everything the first day. The first thing I had to do was address the customer service and I let them know how weRead MoreVietnamese Traditional Holiday Tet825 Words   |  4 Pagesand everything they have. However, the new year ‘s day of each country are difference. As we know that America and Europe have one New Year day is the first day of year, but Tet is the abbreviation of Tet Nguyen Dan which means the first morning of the first day of the new period. Tet marks the beginning of a new year on the lunar calendar, and the beginning of spring. So Viet Nam has same New Year time with China. The image of Tet always exists in my mind. Now I am living in America, but I cannot forgetR ead MoreHow to Balance Penn Foster Studies with Work and Family Demands1062 Words   |  5 PagesFoster studies with work and family demands The biggest challenge for many of us is how to balance our studies, work and family demands. While we want happy fulfilling lives outside of family, work and school, we have to make personal sacrifices in order to be successful in life. Since time is precious, keeping a balance between three worlds can be a challenge. Fortunately, with proper planning, balance is possible. Every day, I have to make choices and manage my time incredibly well in orderRead MoreThanksgiving Day By Melanie Wallendorf And Eric J. Arnould857 Words   |  4 Pages Thanksgiving is a time for families to come together and start the holiday season. 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International Management Management of Tata Group

Question: Discuss about the International Management for Management of Tata Group. Answer: Introduction In this study, the discussion is made on the international business management of Tata Group. The study starts with the discussion on the source due to which the Tata Group is facing problems in its international business management. After that the discussion of the study moves forward to the secondary source of the problems of Tata Group. After identifying the sources of problem, the study analyzes the problems of Tata Group and then provides some alternative strategies that can help the company to solve the problem and operate its international business properly. Source of problem Tata Group is one of the well-known multinational companies in the global business world (Chatterji Palakshappa, 2016). Currently, the company is operating its business in several countries like, UK, US and other 148 companies throughout the world (Tata group, 2016). The company has a wide product range and the company is operating its business in several sectors including automotive, chemicals, engineering services, consumer goods, electrical distribution, financial sector, telecommunication, real estate and many more. The company has a plan to be one of the top most companies in the international market (Kerai Sharma, 2015). However, the company is facing several challenges in taking proper marketing strategies and in identifying the proper talents. Secondary source of problem If the current business problems of Tata Group are evaluated, then it can be identified that there are mainly three secondary sources for which the business of the company is facing trouble in the international market. These three secondary sources of problems are stated below: Decreased sales in Nano car Tata Motors or Tata Group introduced worlds one of the cheapest car Nano in the year 2008 (Tata group, 2016). The company thought that by introducing Nano, it can grab mare market share in the international market because this particular car is within the affordable range of middle class people, who are not able to invest high amount of money to purchase a car. However, the strategy of the company worked for the initial years but after 2011-2012, the sales of the car declined (Mukherjee Mukerjee, 2016). The declining trend of Nano sales can be identified in the below diagram: Figure 1: Declining trend in Nano sales (Source: Tata group, 2016) In several journals, it has been found out that the main reason behind the decreased sales in Nano cars was the weak customer handling and safety management of the cars (Crawford, 2016). This decline in Nano sales affected the financial health of the company. Limited skilled and talented employees The success of a company in the international market depends on the skills and experience of the employees. The multinational companies take several HR policies to improve the quality of its workforce (Singh Joshi, 2015). However, in case of Tata Group, the HR policies are not effective because it failed to attract new skilled employees. The company does not immediately terminate the unskilled employees and due to that the scope of recruiting new talent is reduced. At the same time, the HR policies of the company are not innovative and the company mostly prefers to utilize the traditional HR techniques, which are not that much effective in todays context (Cappelli et al. 2015). High competition in hotel business Tata Group is also facing trouble in its hotel business because of high competition within the industry. The management of the company took the strategy to invest in the hotels, which are less costly and affordable to all people (Kale Singh, 2016). However, this strategy of the company did not work out because of more facilities provided by the other hotels. Tata Group is not able to provide many facilities because the rent of the hotel rooms is less but on the other side, the other hotels provide more facilities, which attract the tourists more (Shah, 2016). Analysis Analysis of the decreased Nano sales In the above discussion, it has been identified that the Nano sales has declined at a high speed after 2011-12. It was much unexpected that though the price of the car was much less, the company could not increase the sales volume of Nano (Thite et al. 2016). In the analysis of the decreased sales of Nano, it has been identified that the sales of the car has decreased because of the negative publicity. Moreover, it has also been identified that the company lost 30% of the new customers because of negative brand image. The quality was the main issue behind this negative brand image of Nano (Moon, Lee Yin, 2015). There were manufacturing defect in some of the cars (Nano), which created negative perceptions in the minds of the customers. On the other side, the workers, who were appointed in the production and distribution sections of Nano, were much casual. Apart from that the management in the Nano division was also not effective (Morschett, Schramm-Klein Zentes, 2015). As per the available data, it has been understood that the management of Nano division did not sale the car to the target market. The target market of the company was the middle class families and low income groups but the company sold near about 1 million cars to the higher income group of people. It indicates that the management of Nano division of Tata Group failed to create interests in its target market, for which the sales of the company declined so fast. Analysis of the workforce related issue In the above discussion, it has been identified that the company (Tata Group) is facing a huge trouble in using the talented workforce in its business activities (Crawford, 2016). The HR policies of the company are much weak and it does not permit to eliminate or terminate the unskilled laborer. Due to this, the working standard of the workforce is decreasing. On the other side, the HR policy like, recruitment through employees reference has also affected the quality of workforce. Many employees in the company have been recruited without proper testing of their skills and knowledge and many employees are working for many generations (Mukherjee Mukerjee, 2016). In the previous surveys on Tata Group it has been disclosed that there are many unskilled employees, who are working at Tata Group for many years. These unskilled employees affected the overall performance of the company because in maximum time, the unskilled employees are underperforming also. Due to the unskilled or less knowledgeable employees in the marketing department, the company faces problem in handling the customers properly (Singh Joshi, 2015). On the other side, many of the employees in the company are working for generation to generation and for this the scope of recruiting more talented people from other sources has reduced. Apart from these, at Tata Group, many people of different religion work together and so the cultural differences also affected the performance level of the employees. Analysis of the issue related to the hotel business The Company is also facing issues in its hotel business. The competition in the industry is much high and the strategy taken by the company to survive in the hotel industry was not effective to compete in the market (Kerai Sharma, 2015). The management of the company emphasized on the price level; however, in reality, the customers mostly emphasized on the facilities. The competitors charged bit high price than the Tata Group and provided more facilities to the customers and so the customers were more attracted towards the hotels, which provides more facilities. This indicates that the management of the company failed to analyze the mentality of the customers properly (Morschett, Schramm-Klein Zentes, 2015). Due to low price, the standard of the services in the hotels of Tata Group was low, which affected the goodwill of the company. Therefore, from the above analysis, it can be said that the company (Tata Group) is facing several issues due to wrong policies and strategies taken by the management of Tata Group. Criteria of Evaluation Tata Groups Criteria Evaluation Attributes Indices Present performance Target performance 2015 2016 2015 2016 Difference between Current performance and target Efficiency level Net profit (4738.95) 234.23 1134.17 537.77 (3604.78) 303.54 Growth rate Revenue 38183.04 44502.74 39104.03 46121.03 920.99 1618.29 Contribution to performance of the employees Expenses of employees benefit 3091.46 3026.75 2900 3000 191.46 26.75 Contribution to branding Marketing expenses 437.47 424.61 400 400 37.47 24.61 Table 1: Criteria of evaluation (Source: Tata group, 2016) In the above table it can be identified that the company that is Tata Group Could not achieve the target in the year of 2015. The efficiency level of the company was much below the targeted level of performance. The same thing happened in case of the growth rate of the company also. However, in case of the year 2016, the company has improved its level of efficiency; still it was unable to meet the target (Tata group, 2016). In case of growth rate of Tata Group, in 2016, the performance level was much lower than that of the targeted amount. The expense level in marketing and employees benefits was also higher than the targeted amount. This shows that the strategies taken by the company was effective in the last year as well as in the current year. Alternative strategies There are several alternative strategies that Tata Group can take to improve its performance level in the future. The alternative strategies as under: Reformulation of the existing strategies - The Company can reformulate its pricing strategy in case of its hotel business. The company can provide or include more facilities by increasing the price level of the hotel rooms by a small percentage. This will help the company to attract the national as well as international tourists (Singh Joshi, 2015). More emphasize in the advertisement strategy The Company should focus more on its advertisement strategies. However, as the marketing expenses of the company are already high, the company must keep eye on the expense level. The company must use its marketing fund properly and can improve the advertisement and other promotional activities (Cappelli et al. 2015). Proper work distribution The higher management must take care of distribution of work in the organization. The work must be distributed as per the as per the efficiency level of the employees. Recommended alternatives In the above segment, several alternative strategies for Tata Group have been stated. However, the best possible strategies for Tata Group are as follows: Implementation of JIT Tata Group can implement the Just-in-Time strategy in its overall business operations. The above-mentioned table has shown that the efficiency level of the company was much lower in the year 2015 as well as in 2016. Therefore, if the company implement the JIT strategy properly, then it will be possible for the company to reduce its waste level and improve the resource utilization. It will ultimately improve the efficiency level. Market penetration pricing strategy Tata Group can take the market penetration pricing strategy as the new pricing strategy of the company. This pricing strategy will help the company to compete with the competitors in the hotel industry. Improve HR policy The human resource department of the company must include improved strategies to motivate the employees and improve their performance level. These policies are rewarding policy, monthly competition policy and attractive incentive schemes. Implementation In order to implement the above-mentioned policies, the company must build a separate team, which will take care of the new strategies. The higher management of the company must conduct a meeting to inform the employees about the change and then must ask for their opinion. At the same time, the company must improve its control system (Shah, 2016). In order to implement a strong control system, the company must emphasize on the monitoring system. The supervisors and team leaders must play a proper role in this case. Conclusion In this study, it has been identified that the Tata Group is facing trouble in its international business management. The problems have started few years back. The problems are related to its Nano car section, HR policies and the hotel business. The efficiency level of the company is not up to the standard. The management of the company has different alternative strategies among which the JIT strategies, market penetration pricing strategy are the most preferable. Reference list: Cappelli, P., Singh, H., Singh, J., Useem, M. (2015). Indian business leadership: Broad mission and creative value.The Leadership Quarterly,26(1), 7-12. Chatterji, M., Palakshappa, N. (2016). Going Beyond Profit: A Case Study of the CSR Initiative of Titan, Tata Group. InEthical Leadership(pp. 215-238). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Crawford, M. J. (2016). An Analysis of Operating Environment Strategy: A Case Study of Tata Motor. Kale, P., Singh, H. (2016). Management of Overseas Acquisitions by Developing Country Multinationals and Its Performance Implications: The Indian Example.Thunderbird International Business Review. Kerai, A., Sharma, S. (2015).Innovation in Business Group Firms: Influence of Network Diversity(No. WP2015-03-26). Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, Research and Publication Department. Moon, H. C., Lee, Y. W., Yin, W. (2015). A New Approach to Analysing the Growth Strategy of Business Groups in Developing Countries: The Case Study of India's Tata Group.International Journal of Global Business and Competitiveness,10(1), 1-15. Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H., Zentes, J. (2015).Strategic international management. Springer. Mukherjee, S., Mukerjee, A. (2016). Sustainable Business Development by Responding to Climate Change: A Case of the Tata Group. InStrategic Management of Sustainable Manufacturing Operations(pp. 176-191). IGI Global. Shah, S. (2016). Integrating Stakeholders Welfare and Corporate Success: In an Indian Family-Owned Organization (Interview with Chairperson and CEO of Tractors and Farm Equipment Ltd., Mallika Srinivasan).The Journal of Values-Based Leadership,9(2), 5. Singh, S., Joshi, M. (2015). New Market Creation via Innovation: A Study on Tata Nano.Available at SSRN 2597482. Tata group. (2016). Tata.com. Retrieved 27 September 2016, from https://www.tata.com/ Thite, M., Wilkinson, A., Budhwar, P., Mathews, J. A. (2016). Internationalization of emerging Indian multinationals: Linkage, leverage and learning (LLL) perspective.International Business Review,25(1), 435-443.

Observational Learning free essay sample

Introduction to psychology October 5, 2011 Negative observational Implication on humans Observation learning in my opinion is one of the most dangerous learning tool in the youth. Most kids in today’s generation learn by observing the media. Media to children equals parenting and role models. They live by media, everything and anything that they do relates back to what was done on a TV show. An example of negative observation for children will be the recent exposure of Miley Cyrus’s â€Å"salvia† bust. Since there are a lot of young girls that look up to Miley they might decide let me do the same thing because she did. They don’t really know the affect it has on their bodies because they are so young but they just do it because someone they look up to or know did it. Another example of negative observation is the case of a kid from Georgia was charged with murder in the death of an 8 year old girl because he was imitating a wrestling move that he saw on TV. We will write a custom essay sample on Observational Learning or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In this situation he saw a move that he believed was cool and decided, that seems easy let me try it and now he is on trial for murder. Another negative observation is seeing how males threat females in a music video and relating it to life. Referring to a female as my â€Å"bitch† or to a male as my â€Å"nigga† because his/her idol said so. This ties back to viki she repeated exactly what her trainer because she was her guardian and someone she trusted. So she believed that what she was doing was correct.